Eyob Ketema Bogale

Male

+251961640637

ketema.eyob@gmail.com

Full name

Sex

Phone Number

E-mail (Institutional, if available)

Academic Degree

MPH

Academic Rank

Lecturer

At Bahir Dar University Since

2021

School

School of Public Health

Department

Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences

Field of Specialization

Health Promotion

Research Interest

Behavioral intervention, Behavioral insight, Health Behavior, Health Equity, Communicable Disease (TB, HIV, STI, Others), NCD (risk factors, prevention, Behavioral intervention, self care practice), Secondary Data Analysis (systematic review, meta analysis, Multilevel analysis…), Pure qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed method studies

Publication(s) [If any]+Link

1. Ketema Bogale E, et al. Lived Experience of People with Type 1 Diabetes in North East E thiopia;Psycho-Social and Economical Perspective, a Phenomenological Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023 Nov 30;16:3885-3898. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S431914.  

2. Bogale EK, Wondiye H, Debela Y, Fentabil Anagaw T, Worku L, Kebede N. Self-care practice, lived experience of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients at Kemisse General Hospital, North Eastern Ethiopia: Phenomenological study. SAGE Open Medicine. 2022 Sep;10:20503121221126862. 

3. Bogale EK, Zewdie A, Kassie TD, et al. Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.PLoSOne. 2024;19(3):  doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294078. 

4. Bogale, E.K., Anagaw, T.F., Tiruneh, M.G. et al. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, and its associated factors among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. BMC Public Health 24, 1976 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19548-w 

5. Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Tiruneh MG, Fenta ET, Endeshaw D, Adal O, Tareke AA, Kebede N, Delie AM. Individual and community level factors associated with household level food insecurity of Ethiopia: multilevel mixed effects analysis of 2021 Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA—ET). BMC nutrition. 2025 Jan 20;11(1):16. 

6. Getachew Tadegew, et al - Hygienic complementary feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers having children aged 6–23 months in Antsokia Gemza district, Ethiopia: a crosssectional survey: BMJ Public Health 2024;2:e000307.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000307. 

7. Wassihun Y, et al (2024) HIV preventive practice and its associated factors among street dwellers in Ethiopia: Application of health belief model. PLOS Glob Public Health 4(5): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003199. 

8. Bogale SK, Cherie N, Bogale EK. Fathers involvement in child feeding and its associated factors among fathers having children aged 6 to 24 months in Antsokia Gemza Woreda, Ethiopia: Crosssectional study. Plos one. 2022 Nov 28;17(11):e0276565.

9. Jemberu L, (2023) Lived experiences of disabled individuals living in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia, a phenomenological study. PLoS ONE 18(5): e0284860. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0284860. 

10. Mulualem B. Magnitude of chronic osteomyelitis and its associated factors in children as diagnosed on X-ray visiting at Felege Hiwot  Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med. 2023 Mar doi:10.1177/20503121231161191. PMID: 369498

11. Lakew G. Behavioral response for condom use messages to prevent human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among Bahir Dar City High School students, North West Ethiopia, 2022: Application of the extended parallel process model. SAGE Open Med. 2023 Nov 3;11:20503121231204490. doi: 10.1177/20503121231204490. PMID: 37928444

12. Yimam M, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among civil servants in Antsokiya Gemza Wereda, North East Ethiopia, 2021. Open J Clin Med Images. 2023; 3(1): 1089

13. Ayele K, Wondiye H, Bogale EK (2023) Lived experience of young people with epilepsy in Bahir Dar city government hospitals, Ethiopia, a qualitative interview study.  PLoS ONE 18(1): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278936. 

14. Hussien B, et al. Magnitude of fruitand vegetable consumption andits associated factors amongpatients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) attendinghealth services at selectedhealth centers in Yeka subcity,Addis Ababa: a cross-sectionalstudy. BMJ Public Health2024;doi:10.1136/bmjph-2023-00033. 

15. Moges G, et al Voluntary Counseling and Testing Practice and Associated Factors Among High School Students in Dera Woreda, Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Application of Health Belief Model. J Med Public Health. 2023;4(1):1056

16. Tesera Kendie M, et al, Predictors of suicidal ideation, attempts among adults living with HIV attending ART follow-ups at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a crosssectional study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e069683. Published 2023 May 18. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-069683. 

17. Yesuf, M., Taye, M., & Bogale, E. K. (2023). Treatment Outcomes of Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen and Its Associated Factors in Adult Patients at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. Open Access Surgery, 16, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAS.S443457. 

18. Tesfaw K, Kindie W, Mulatu K, Bogale EK. Utilisation of cervical cancer screening and factors associated with screening utilisation among women aged 30–49 years in Mertule Mariam Town, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia, in 2021: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ open. 2022 Nov 1;12(11):e067229. 

19. Anagaw TF, Debela Y, Asresie MB, Wasihun Y, Bogale EK. Maternity waiting Home-use and associated factors among mothers in northwest Ethiopia, The application of the integrated behavioral model. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2022 Sep 16;36(2).

20. Lakew, G. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among postpartum mothers in public health facilities in Ethiopia, 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 24, 327 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06525-9.

21. Zewdie, A. et al. Advanced-stage breast cancer diagnosis and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women's Health 24, 284 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03133-9. 

22. Yirsaw, A.N., Bogale, E.K., Tefera, M. et al. Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 24, 774 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04555-5  

23. Talie Fenta E, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF. The role of social media on COVID-19 preventive behaviors worldwide, systematic review. PloS one. 2024 Jul 10;19(7):e0306284, https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0306284.

24. Delie, A.M., Bogale, E.K., Anagaw, T.F. et al. Global prevalence and predictors of scabies among prisoners: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 24, 1894 (2024). https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12889-024-19401-0 

25. Fenta ET,et al Health literacy and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance worldwide: A systematic review. SAGE Open Medicine. 2023;11. doi:10.1177/20503121231197869

26. Ousman Adal, et al,Hypertensive crisis and its predictors in Africa: Systematic review and metaanalysis, 2024,International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention,Volume 21, 2024, 200285, ISSN 2772-4875, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200285.

27. Eshetu HB, et al. (2023) Knowledge of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among reproductive age women in high HIV/AIDS prevalent countries: A multilevel analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys. PLoS ONE 18(10): e0292885. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 

28. Kebede, N.. et al. Factors associated with the plan to pre-lacteal feeding for the first 6 months among Ethiopian mothers: a multilevel mixed effects analysis of 2019 performance monitoring for action Ethiopia. BMC Nutr 9, 123 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795023-00784-z. [Co author]

29. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, Lancet,

30. Fenta ET, et al. Prevalence and predictors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients worldwide, systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023;15(1):245. Published 2023 Nov 28. doi:10.1186/s13098-023-01202-x.

31. Tiruneh, M.G. et al. Health extension service utilization in Ethiopia: systematic review and metaanalysis. BMC Health Serv Res 24, 537 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11038-4. 

32. Getachew E, et al. Civil servants' physical activity status and its associated factors in Northeast Ethiopia: applying Health Belief Model. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2023;9(3):e001424. Published 2023 Jul 19. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001424. 

33. Anagaw TF, et al Health-seeking behavior among non-communicable disease patients globally, systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med. 2023 Dec 6;11:20503121231215236. doi: 10.1177/20503121231215236. 

34. Tesema B, et al Intention to Donate Kidney and Associated Factors Among Students in Bahir Dar University: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:5363-5376 https:// doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S441636. 

35. Muche N,et al. Behavioral Responses for Face Cleanliness Message to Prevent Trachoma Among Mothers Having Children Age 1-9 Years Old, in Fogera District, Northwest Ethiopia: An Application of Extended Parallel Process Model. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:1927-1941. Published 2023 May 19. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S412380.

36. Geremew G, et al. Adherence to Lifestyle Modification Practices and Its Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in Bahir Dar City Hospitals, North West Ethiopia. Integr Blood Press Control. 2023 Nov 29;16:111-122. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.S436815. 

38. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

39. Kebede, N, et al. Individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among married women in the emerging region of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effects analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini-Demographic and health survey. BMC Women's Health 23, 652 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02822-. 

40. Tiruneh MG, et al. Tuberculosis infection control practice and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023;18(12):e0295555. Published 2023 Dec 12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295555.  

41. Ademe B, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF. Utilization of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Bahir Dar City, North-West Ethiopia, Cross-sectional Study, 2022. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:6015-6024. Published 2023 Dec 21. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S443477

42. Mengistu G, Wondiye H, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF. Lived Experience of Adult With Heart Failure at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, Qualitative Phenomenological Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2024;17:127-144. Published 2024 Jan 16. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S443475.

43. Zewudu L, Keshaun F, Silesh M, et al. Preference of cesarean delivery and its associated factors among pregnant women attending ante natal care at public health facilities of Debrebrehan City, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2024;19(1):e0296990. Published 2024 Jan 31. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0296990.  

44. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks, 1990-2022. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 11 December 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.11.007. 

45. Adal O, Tareke AA, Bogale EK, et al. Mortality of traumatic chest injury and its predictors across sub-saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2024. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):32. Published 2024 Feb 27. doi:10.1186/s12873-024-00951-w. 

46. Endeshaw, D.,et al. Consistent condom utilization among sexually active HIV positive individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 14, 5837 (2024). https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-024-56574-5.

47. Fenta ET, Ayal BG, Kidie AA, et al Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Patients with Non- Communicable Disease in North Wollo Zone Public Hospitals: Socio-Ecologic Perspective, 2023. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2024;18:733-744. Published 2024 Mar 22. doi:10.2147/PPA.S452196. 

48. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,Lancet.

49. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, Lancet. 

50. Fenta, E.T, et al. Exploring barriers of health literacy on non-communicable disease prevention and care among patients in north wollo zone public hospitals; Northeast, Ethiopia, 2023: application of socio-ecological model. BMC Public Health 24, 971 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-024-18524-8. 

51. Endeshaw D, et al . Mortality and its predictors in abdominal injury across sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):57. Published 2024 Apr 11. doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-00982-3. 

52. Tiruneh, M.G. et al.Six in ten female youths in low-income East African countries had problems in accessing health care: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys from 2016– 2021. BMC Health Serv Res 24, 533 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10934-z.

53. Kebede N, et al. Application of the integrated behavioral model to identify the predictors of toothbrushing practices among primary school children at Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. BMC Oral Health. 2022 Dec 24;22(1):638.

54. Eseyneh T, Wondiye H, Fentaw Z, Eseyneh N, Bogale EK, Gutema H. Behavioral responses for facemask use messages to prevent COVID-19 among residents of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: an application of extended parallel process model. BMC Public Health. 2022 Dec 22;22(1):2409. 

55. Tesfa H, Jara D, Woyiraw W, Bogale EK, Asrat B. Prevalence of undernourishment and associated factors among adults with major depressive disorder at two public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2022 Nov 1;12(11):e065108.

56. Kebede N, et al. Mapping and predicting open defecation in Ethiopia: 2021 PMA-ET study. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jun 23;24(1):1671.

57. Kebede N, Ketema E, Anagaw TF, Talie E, Adal O. Individual and Community-Level factors of availability of observed water, soap, and other cleansing agents for hand washing practice in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Mixed-Effects Analysis of the 2021 Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-ET). Frontiers in Public Health.;12:1418379

58. Alemu, A.T., Bogale, E.K., Bogale, S.K. et al. Patient satisfaction and associated factors with inpatient health services at public hospitals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 24, 1042 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11552-5. 

59. Delie AM, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Tiruneh MG, Fenta ET, Endeshaw D, Eshetu HB, Adal O, Tareke AA, Kebede N. Healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards cervical cancer screening in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Oncology. 2024;14

60. GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Neurology. 18 September 2024. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00369-7

61. Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

62. Forecasting the effects of smoking prevalence scenarios on years of life lost and life expectancy from 2022 to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

63.  Belayneh AG, Andargie GA, Seid K, Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Tefera M, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Fenta ET, Endeshaw D, Adal O. Treatment outcome and associated factors of acute heart failure in East Africa, an Ethiopian perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice. 2025 Oct 9:100637.

64. Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Berhie AY, Belayneh AG, Bogale SK, Andarge GA, Seid K, Bogale EK, Getachew E. Cervical cancer screening practice and associated factors among female health care professionals in Ethiopia 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC cancer. 2024 Aug 9;24(1):986 

65. Endeshaw D, Tesfaye TD, Afewerk S, Adal O, Belayneh AG, Bogale EK, Yohannes S. Knowledge and Practice of Intestinal Ostomy Care Among Nurses in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nursing. 2024 Aug;10:23779608241274205 .

66. Talie E, Tiruneh MG, Anagaw TF, Ketema E, Tareke AA. Sexual and reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among high school students in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Reproductive Health. 2024 Sep 18;6:1361662.

67. Yirsaw AN, Tefera M, Bogale EK, et al. Applying the Health Belief Model to cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2024;24(1):1294. Published 2024 Oct 19. doi:10.1186/s12885-024-13055-2

68. Hailu S, Jara D, Bogale EK. Nutritional status and its associated factors among infants and young children aged 6–23 months in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia, 2021: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Nutritional Science. 2024

69. Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Bogale EK, Andarge GA, Getachew D, Getachew E, Tareke AA. Diarrhea and its associated factors among children aged under five years in Madagascar, 2024: a multilevel logistic regression analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 21;24(1):2910 

70. Seid K, Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Tefera M, Jemberu L, Getachew E, Andarge GA, Bogale EK. Incidence of peripheral intravenous cannula induced phlebitis and its determinants among admitted patients in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta analysis, 2024. Discover Medicine. 2024 Dec;1(1):1-1.

71. Yirsaw AN, Tefera M, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Tiruneh MG, Fenta ET, Endeshaw D, Adal O, Tareke AA, Jemberu L, Getachew E. Applying the Health Belief Model to cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC cancer. 2024 Dec;24(1):1-3

72. Andargie GA, Seid K, Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Berhie AY, Belayneh AG, Bogale SK, Bogale EK, Getachew E. Ethiopia hygiene practice during complementary feeding and associated factors; systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pediatrics. 2025 Jan 4;25(1):2.

73. Elefachew A, Alemu Y, Chanie B, Getachew E, Bogale SK, Bogale EK. Adolescents’ Sexual Reproductive Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors Among Bahir Dar City High School Students, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2024;2024(1):5367867.

74. Belay MA, Bogale EK, Haile MT, Bogale SK, Desalew EG, Andarge GA, Seid K, Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Gebreegziabher ZA, Semagn BE. Double Burden of Malnutrition among households in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

75. Lakew, G., Bogale, E.K., Tareke, A.A. et al. Menstrual hygiene practices and associated factors among high school and preparatory students in Ethiopia : a systematic review and meta analysis. Discov Med 2, 29 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44337-025-00226-8

76. Tareke AA, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Tiruneh MG, Fenta ET, Endeshaw D, Eshetu HB, Delie AM, Tegegne OA. Spatial variation and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, insights from 2021 PMA-Ethiopia data: multilevel logistic regression analysis. BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 20;25:704.

77. Lorato SS, Doyore F, Kassie G, Yesuf KS, Wondimagne YA, Desalegn M, Rundasa DT, Godie Y, Yadate T, Bogale EK. Incidence and predictors of post spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension for cesarean section in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management. 2025 Aug 13:100541.

78. Endeshaw, D., Adal, O., Tareke, A.A. et al. Unfavorable outcomes and their predictors in patients treated for perforated peptic ulcer disease in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta- analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 25, 248 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03865-4

79. Seid, K., Lakew, G., Yirsaw, A.N. et al. Burden and determinants of cataract among adult patients over 40 years old in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2024. Discov Med 2, 79 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44337-025-00268-y

80.Endeshaw D, Kebede N, Abadi Tareke A, Adal O, Getachew E, Belayneh AG, Andargie GA, Seid K, Lakew G, Yirsaw AN, Tefera M, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Fenta ET. Prevalence of infection and associated factors after intramedullary nailing in African countries with the Surgical Implant Generation Network program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence. SAGE Open Med. 2025 Jul, doi: 10.1177/20503121251352653. PMID: 40620334;

81. Fenta ET, Endeshaw D, Adal O, Tareke AA, Kebede N, Delie AM, Bogale EK, Anagaw TF, Tiruneh MG. Determinants of antenatal care dropout among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2025 Oct 1;14(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s13643-025-02906-z. PMID: 41035096;

Mega Research, Role [If any]

*Effects of Telemedicine Based Behavioral Intervention for  improving Non - Communicable Diseases Management  Outcome, Teriatiary Hospitals in North West Amhara, 2024/2025: Application of Socio Ecological Model: A quasi experimental interventional study [Principal Investigator]

Project(s), Role [If any]

Community Service:*Helping Others Promote Empathy: A Mental Health and Psycho-Social Support program for Adolescent High School Students and Teachers in Conflict Affected areas at Merawi, Adet, and Bahir Dar towns, Ethiopia [Co - Investigator]

UNICEF Funded Projects:  1. Social and Behavior Change Capacity Assessment among SBC workers at Health Facilities and Higher Institution in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2023, SBC intervention Based Mixed Study [PI, the project has more than 1 PI], 2. Social and Behavior change gaps and opportunities, and lived experience of people who are living in the Internally displaced and refuge site, 2024, Mixed study [PI, the project has more than 1 PI], 3. Rapid assessment on the challenges of children and adolescent to attend school education in conflict affected areas of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia, Mixed study [PI, the project has more than 1 PI]