In spite of agriculture status as the backbone of the Ethiopian economy, agricultural practice has been traditionally dominated for centuries by small-scale farmers and its performance has long been adversely affected by shortage of rain and water that left many to sustain their lives on famine relief support (Abebe et al., 2011). From the total production, about 97% of Ethiopia’s food crops are produced by rain-fed agriculture, whereas only 3% is from irrigated agriculture (FAO, 2015). Due to high dependency on rain-fed agriculture, other topographic and low adaptive capacity along with other related factors, Ethiopia ranks the ninth most susceptible country in the world to natural disasters and weather related shocks (Tongul and Hobson, 2013).. Hail storms is a solid, frozen Form of precipitation that causes extensive Damage to properties and growing crops. Unlike the hazards of drought, extreme heat, and to some degree flooding, which exacerbate slowly over a growing season or several growing seasons, a hailstorm is an isolated event that can produce the same end result (i.e., a destroyed crop) in a matter of minutes.
Amongst weather hazards, Hailstorms cause a great damage to standing crops even though these occur for a very short duration. This means that any changes in frequency or severity will be felt more tangibly on an annual basis farmers. Hailstorms are also unique in their ability to not only impact crops, but also damage equipment and present risks to people working in the fields.
By focusing on the small domain of Semen Mecha districts which is one of the most surplus producer district in Amhara regions , The farmers in The farmers in the study area, Semen Mecha district, has been affected by the extreme events of climate change such as hailstone that lead the farmers to crop failure in 2022 summer sessions.
